1. H3C-CH2-CH2-OH (180 C, +H2SO4) = H3C-CH=CH2 (X1) + H2O;
H3C-CH=CH2 + HCl = H3C-CH(Cl)-CH3 (X2);
H3C-CH(Cl)-CH3 + NaOH (водный р-р) = H3C-CH(OH)-CH3 (X3) + NaCl;
H3C-CH(OH)-CH3 (180 C, +H2SO4) = H3C-CH=CH2 (X1) + H2O;
3H3C-CH=CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O (0 C) = 3H3C-CH(OH)-CH2(OH) (X4) + 2KOH + 2MnO2;
2. H3C-CH=CH2 + H2O (H3PO4) = H3C-CH(OH)-CH3 (X1);
2H3C-CH(OH)-CH3 + O2 (450 C, Ag/Cu) = 2H3C-C(O)-CH3 (ацетон) + 2H2O;
5H3C-C(O)-CH3 + 8KMnO4 + 12H2SO4 (нагр.) = 5H3C-COOH + 5CO2 + 4K2SO4 + 8MnSO4 + 17H2O;
2H3C-COOH + CaCO3 = (H3CCOO)2Ca (X2) + CO2 + H2O;
(H3CCOO)2Ca (пиролиз) = H3C-C(O)-CH3 (ацетон) + CaCO3;
3. 3C2H2 (400 C, актив-й уголь) = C6H6;
C6H6 + CH3Cl (+AlCl3) = C6H5-CH3 (X1) + HCl;
5C6H5-CH3 + 6KMnO4 + 9H2SO4 (нагр.) = 5C6H5-COOH (X2) + 3K2SO4 + 6MnSO4 + 14H2O;
C6H5-COOH + C2H5OH (+H+) = C6H5-C(O)-O-C2H5 (X3) + H2O;
C6H5-C(O)-O-C2H5 + KOH = C6H5-COOK (бензоат калия) + C2H5OH;
4. 3C2H2 (400 C, актив-й уголь) = C6H6 (X1);
C6H6 + CH3Cl (+AlCl3) = C6H5-CH3 (X2) + HCl;
C6H5-CH3 + 3Cl2 (+hv) = C6H5-CCl3 + 3HCl;
C6H5-CCl3 + 3KOH (водный р-р, при нагр.) = C6H5-COOH (X3) + 3KCl + H2O;
C6H5-COOH + C2H5OH (+H+) = C6H5-C(O)-O-C2H5 (этилбензоат) + H2O;
5. H3C-CH2-CH2-OH + HBr = H3C-CH2-CH2-Br (X1) + H2O;
2H3C-CH2-CH2-Br + 2Na = C6H14 + 2NaBr;
C6H14 (450 C, Cr2O3) = C6H6 (X2) + 4H2;
C6H6 + CH3Cl (+AlCl3) = C6H5-CH3 + HCl;
5C6H5-CH3 + 6KMnO4 + 9H2SO4 (нагр.) = 5C6H5-COOH (X3) + 3K2SO4 + 6MnSO4 + 14H2O;
6. H2C=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2 (400 C, Ni) = H3C-CH2-CH2-CH3 (X1);
H3C-CH2-CH2-CH3 (+AlCl3) = H3C-CH(CH3)-CH3 (2-метилпропан);
H3C-CH(CH3)-CH3 + Br2 (+hv) = H3C-C(Br)(CH3)-CH3 (X2) + HBr;
H3C-C(Br)(CH3)-CH3 + KOH (спирт. р-р) = H3C-C(CH3)=CH2 (X3) + KBr + H2O;
5H3C-C(CH3)=CH2 + 8KMnO4 + 12H2SO4 (нагр.) = 5H3C-C(O)-CH3 + 5CO2 + 4K2SO4 + 8MnSO4 + 17H2O.