5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
BASIC COMPUTERS
The computer is the heart, of any direct digital control (DDC) system1. Although there are many models of DDC computer systems currently available, most operate in the same basic way and are similar in design to personal computers.
In their simplest form, all computers consist of hardware2 and software3. The term hardware includes all the components that a computer is assembled from the central processing unit4, memory, input and output terminals5, operator display terminal, keypad6, and peripheral devices7.
Peripheral equipment is used to link the computer’s internal environment8 to the outside world to allow humans to access9 stored information and to allow for machine-to-machine communications in a computer network.
Software is a series of instructions that tell the computer how to operate. These instruction sets or commands are packaged together to form programmes which are designed to manipulate data for a specific purpose. There are several echelons of software used in computers, which range from programs that tell the computer how to handle basic tasks to programs that guide the computer through difficult data processing10. Computers commonly use several layers of software running concurrently to guide their operation, and these layers are transparent to the computer operator.
Пояснения к тексту
1. a direct digital control (DDC) system – система прямого цифрового контроля;
2. hardware - аппаратное обеспечение;
3. software - программное обеспечение;
4. the central processing unit - центральное процессорное устройство;
5. input and output terminal - терминал ввода и вывода;
6. a keypad - вспомогательная клавиатура;
7. peripheral device — периферийное устройство;
8. environment - среда окружения;
9. to access - иметь доступ;
10. data processing - обработка данных.
6. Закончите предложение, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания.
Peripheral equipment is used …:
a) to link the computer’s internal environment to the outside world
b) to form programmes
c) to manipulate data for a specific purpose
7. Перепишите вопросы к тексту и письменно ответьте на них.
1. What is the heart of any direct digital control (DDC) system?
2. What do all computers consist of?
3. What components does the hardware include?
4. What is peripheral equipment used to?
5. What does software mean?