Combat two athletes on certain rules called wrestling. This sport has come to us from ancient times.
Rules, of course, there were other then than now, but the principle is always a combative one - put an opponent on the shoulder or make him touch the ground hip or shoulder. The fight went the second number (after the race) in the program of the ancient Olympic Games. But in the beginning of the 20 th century in many European countries, especially France and Russia, has gained great popularity of Greco-Roman wrestling, which is also known as the French and which is now known as a classic. It prohibited steps and grabs the waist down. Victory goes on points for receptions, as well as if the opponent managed to get both shoulder blades touch the mat and he rolled over on his back, shoulders touching the mat turns.
Masters of this struggle was the Russian hero Ivan Poddubny. He won five times at the World Championships and his whole life wrestling (and played Ivan Maksimovic to 57 years) lost only two fights. The heroes of unprecedented power is now. For example, the light heavyweight Nikolai Balboshin. This classic style wrestler won at the Olympics in 1976, the five-times world champion and six - Europe. Gained enormous prestige and other athletes - Olympic champion Valery Rezantsev and Alexander Kolchinsky. At the Olympic Games in Seoul (1988) won the audience great force from Novosibirsk heavyweight Alexander Karelin. However, most titled in the wrestling world, is considered an outstanding athlete Alexander Medved - three-time Olympic champion, seven-time world champion. He - wrestler.
In this form of martial arts on the carpet is allowed almost everything - steps, sweeps, turnovers. In general, you are free to hold any appointment. In classical and freestyle all competitors are divided into ten weight classes, for example, the lightest athletes are in the category up to 48 kg, then, up to 52 kg, 57 kg and more. Heavyweight fighters - it heroes, weighing more than 100 kg. The competition adolescents (12-13 years) and boys of different ages has different weight classes. In freestyle wrestling are widely known names finest athletes - Olympic champion Ivan Yarygin Levan Tediashvili, exiled Andiev, Sergei Beloglazova. Magicians carpet called the Contest in Seoul (1988) Arsene Fadzaev, Maharbek Hadarieva, David Gobejishvili. But in judo - seven categories. But there is also the eighth - it is called an open or absolute.
In a dispute over the award of a tournament of any competitor - whether it lightweight or heavyweight - can get on the mat and try their luck in a hot contest. Yes, in judo wrestlers compete not on the carpet, and on the mat - rigid litter. All commands are given in Japanese. For example: "Hajime" - "Start", "Ippon" - "Total victory!" The fact that this sport was born in Japan and "invented" it was a school teacher rules Dzigaro Kano. Athletes compete in a kimono - jacket and trousers made of thick cloth. It used to be that fighting - a sport for men.
But women are also found in the struggle for themselves attractive hobby. Especially it has attracted to judo. Since 1980, the world championships and European championships in women's judo. In our country, the sport also came the girls like. The first championship was held in the USSR in 1987 to take the girls' section was 12. Well, this martial art called Sambo - self-defense without weapons, probably know all the kids. This struggle was born in this country, having absorbed elements of the national struggle of many peoples of the world. Sambo appear on the carpet in the jacket, they also have ten weight classes. But in Sambo so many clever tricks that they would be sufficient for all other types of combat excess. Sambo can use clamps and the belt, and in any part of the jacket above the waist. Also permitted seizure of arms and legs of the enemy and of the feet against his legs, arms and torso.