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MOSCOW
Moscow,the capital of Russia is one of the world's great cities.Its name was first mentioned in chronicles in 1147.Since that time Moscow has played an important role in Russian history.Today Moscow is not only the political center of Russia but also the country's leading city in population,industry and in cultural importance.
Moscow stands on the Moskva River in the centre of the vast plain of European Russia.The climate of Moscow is continental.Winters are long and dark with a lot of snow.Northerly winds from the Arctic bring very sharp drops in temperature.The minimum recorded temperature is -42*C.Spring is rather short,and the temperature rises quickly during late April.Summers are warm and July is the warmest month.Rainy days are quite common,but the summer rainfall often comes in heavy showers and thunderstorms.Autumn,like spring,is brief with rapidly falling temperatures.
Moscow is the largest industrial centre of Russia.The most important industries are those producing automobiles and trucks,machine tools,radio and television sets.Moscow's plants and factories also produce:food,furniture,clothes and footwear.
The most important element in Moscow's city transport is the metro subway.The system was begun in 1935 and is still developing.Some of the stations,especially the older ones,are highly decorated with marble,statues and mosaics.Trains usually arrive at three-minute intervals,though the interval is less during rush hours.
Moscow has numerous theatres, headed by the State Academic Bolshoi Theatre,witch was founded in 1825.The city's principal drama theatre is the Moscow Art Theatre.It was founded by the actor,director and producer Konstantin Stanislavsky and the dramatist and producer Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko.In its early days it was especially famous for its performances of Anton Chekhov's plays.Also of the worldwide fame are the State Central Puppet Theatre and the Moscow State Circus.
Moscow has some museums and art galleries of international rank.Among them are the State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts,with a fine international collection,and the State Tretyakov Gallery with an excellent collection of Russian paintings.