The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about oneseventh of theearth’s surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area isabout 17 million square kilometresThe country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the southRussia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west itborders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Byelorussia and Ukraine. It also has a sea-borderwith the USA.
There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found.We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north,highlands and deserts in the east.
There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland.There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altaiand others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia.
There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe’s biggest river, the Volga, flows into the CaspianSea. The main Siberian rivers — the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena — flow from the south to thenorth. The Amur in the Far East flows into Pacific Ocean.
Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world’s deepest lake (1600 meters) is Lake Baikal. It is muchsmaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea. The water inthe lake is so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom.
Russia has one-sixth of the world’s forests. They are concentrated in the European north of thecountry, in Siberia and in the Far East.
On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north tosubtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental.
Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.
Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of the State is the President. The legislative powersare exercised by the Duma.
The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is its largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial centre. It isone of the oldest Russian cities.
At present, the political and economic situation in the country is rather complicated. There are a lotof problems in the national economy of the Russian Federation.
But in spite of the problems Russia is facing at present, there are a lot of opportunities for thiscountry to become one of the leading countries in the world.