Children start school at the age of six in Russia. The course of studies at school is...

Question

Children start school at the age of six in Russia. The course of studies at school is eleven years now: four years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. Previously it was only ten years: three years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. Children under the age of six are taken to creches and nursery schools.
There is a wide choice of schools nowadays: state schools, private schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. The majority of schools is free of charge, but in some (usually private ones) parents have to pay for the
education of
their children. In ordinary schools parents sometimes pay
for
additional
subjects in the
curriculum, such as
a foreign
language or
arts.
Though
it is generally
not a demand, most
children
can already
read and write when they start their school: this makes education much easier for them.
In primary school there are three or four lessons a day, they usually are Reading, Writing and Arithmetic. A lesson lasts forty minutes. Dur­ ing the first term children get used to learning and adapt to school regulations. Beginning with the second term of the first year at school,
children also take Handicrafts, Drawing,
Music
and Physical Educa­
tion. The list of subjects under study is
further
extended during the
second, third and fourth years and includes the World History of Arts, Fundamentals of Security, History, Geography, and others. At primary schools all lessons are usually conducted by one teacher.
At
the
age of ten children pass to the second stage of education,
known
as
secondary school. In secondary school there is a wide variety
of subjects under study, and teachers specialize. The transition from primary to secondary school is sometimes difficult for children. After finishing the ninth form and getting the Certificate of Basic Secondary
Education, schoolchildren may either continue their education in the tenth form, or leave school and go to technical (vocational) schools and colleges.
After eleven years at school the school leavers take examinations and get the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education. Those who have only excellent marks in the Certificate get a gold medal, which gives the right to enter higher school taking only one examination.
The admission to higher school is competitive and based on the system of entrance examinations, usually three or four. During the ex­ aminations the school leavers must show their abilities in the chosen field. Young people also have an option to get specialized secondary education in vocational schools after leaving the eleventh form.
Among higher educational establishments are institutes (colleges), academies and universities. The term of studying in higher school is from four to six years. Students can be involved in scientific research while studying. At the end of their final year at college, university or academy they take final examinations and get a diploma. Besides, they can take postgraduate courses in the chosen field.
1)Give the English equivalents of the following:
детский сад; большой выбор; государственная школа; большин­
ство школ; дополнительные предметы; первая четверть; школь­
ные правила; включать; изучаемые предметы; выпускники; акаде­
мия; выпускные экзамены
4)Use the words and word combinations of exercise 3 in the sentences of your own.
5)Find in the text and read the information about
•the course of studies in Russian schools;
•pre-primaryeducational establishments;
•types of schools existing in Russia;
•lessons in primary school;
•secondary education;
•school-leavingexaminations;
•the admission to higher school;
•higher educational establishments.
6)Translate the words in brackets into English.
1.(Курс обучения) is eleven years.
2.Children (младше шести лет) are taken to creches and nursery
schools.
3.(Большинство школ) are free of charge.
4.At the age of six children start (ходить в начальную школу).
5.After (базовой средней школы)young people can enter (техни­ ческие училища).

Answer 1

3 задание:
детский сад- nursery school;
большой выбор- a wide choice;
государственная школа- state school;
большин­ство школ- the majority of schools;
дополнительные предметы- additional subjects;
первая четверть- the first term;
школь­ные правила- school regulations;
включать- includes;
изучаемые предметы- subjects under study;
выпускники- school leavers;
акаде­мия- academy;
выпускные экзамены-  final examinations.

4 задание:
- I went to nursery school when I was four years old. 
- There is a wide choice of books at the National Library of Russia.
- The majority of parents tend to enrol their children in the local state schools.
- Pupils learn English or German as their second language in the majority of schools.
- Sometimes parents sent their children to specialised after school classes or clubs instead of picking up additional subjects at school. 
- The first term starts on September the 1st and lasts two months until the end of October. 
- Pupils must follow school regulations such as wearing school uniform, attending lessons on time, adhering to the programme taught by teachers, doing their homework etc. 
- In most schools, free school meals aren't included and must be paid for additionally. 
- In secondary schools, subjects under study include Algebra, Geometry, IT, Chemistry, Physics, Biology and many more. 
- After finishing secondary school, school leavers tend to attend prom to celebrate graduation. 
- Academies differ from universities in a way that they provide training or teaching in a specific field as oppose to a broad range of subjects. 
- Pupils study hard for final examinations to be able to get accepted into highly ranked universities. 

5 задание:
- the course of studies in Russian schools: The course of studies at school is eleven years now: four years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. Previously it was only ten years: three years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. 
- pre-primary educational establishments: Children under the age of six are taken to creches and nursery schools.
- types of schools existing in Russia: There is a wide choice of schools nowadays: state schools, private schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. 
- lessons in primary school: (параграф, который начинается с этого) In primary school there are three or four lessons a day, they usually are Reading, Writing and Arithmetic. A lesson lasts forty minutes. 
- secondary education: (параграф, который начинается с этого) At the age of ten children pass to the second stage of education, known as secondary school. In secondary school there is a wide variety of subjects under study, and teachers specialize. 
- school-leaving examinations: After eleven years at school the school leavers take examinations and get the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education. Those who have only excellent marks in the Certificate get a gold medal, which gives the right to enter higher school taking only one examination.
- the admission to higher school: The admission to higher school is competitive and based on the system of entrance examinations, usually three or four. During the ex­aminations the school leavers must show their abilities in the chosen field.
- higher educational establishments: Among higher educational establishments are institutes (colleges), academies and universities. 

6 задание:
- The course of study is eleven years. 
- Children under the age of six are taken to creches and nursery schools. 
- The majority of schools is free of charge
- At the age of six children start going to primary school. 
- After Basic Secondary Education young people can enter technical (vocational) schools.