a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b),
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2,
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2,
a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2),
a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2),
an – bn = (a – b)(an – 1 + an – 2b + an – 3b2 + … + abn – 2 + bn – 1),
(a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b),
(a – b)3 = a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b).