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THE UNITED KINGDOM
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers.
The United Kingdom is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over about 60 million. About 80 percent of the population is urban.
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and doesn't include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech Great Britain is used in the meaning of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital of the UK is London.
The British Isles are separated from the Continent by the North Sea and the British Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. The South, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but the eastern, central and southeastern parts of England are a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 meters). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It produces and exports machinery, electronics, textile. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy with parliament and the Queen as the Head of the State.
II. Make a list of geographical names from the text above and translate them into Russian.
III. Find the geographical places mentioned in the text on the map of the British Isles.
IV. Complete each of the following sentences using the text.
1. The United Kingdom is situated on ______.
2. ______ of the population is urban.
3. Great Britain consists of ______.
4. ______ are separated from the Continent by the North Sea and the British Channel.
5. The Western coast of Great Britain is washed by ______.
6. The North of Scotland is called ______.
7. ______ are mountainous.
8. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence ______.