The dromedary (/ˈdrɒmədɛri/ or /-ədri/), also called the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius), is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. The dromedary is the smallest of the three species of camel;
adult males stand 1.8–2 m (5.9–6.6 ft) at the shoulder, while females
are 1.7–1.9 m (5.6–6.2 ft) tall. Males typically weigh between 400 and
600 kg (880 and 1,320 lb), and females weigh between 300 and 540 kg (660
and 1,190 lb). The species' distinctive features include its long,
curved neck, narrow chest, a single hump (compared with two on the Bactrian camel and wild Bactrian camel),
and long hairs on the throat, shoulders and hump. The coat is generally
a shade of brown. The hump, 20 cm (7.9 in) tall or more, is made of fat
bound together by fibrous tissue.
Dromedaries are mainly active during daylight hours. They form herds of about 20 individuals, which are led by a dominant
male. This camel feeds on foliage and desert vegetation; several
adaptations, such as the ability to tolerate losing more than 30% of its
total water content, allow it to thrive in its desert habitat. Mating
occurs annually and peaks in the rainy season; females bear a single
calf after a gestation of 15 months.
The dromedary has not occurred naturally in the wild for nearly 2,000 years. It was probably first domesticated in Somalia or the Arabian Peninsula about 4,000 years ago. In the wild, the dromedary inhabited arid regions, including the Sahara Desert.
The domesticated dromedary is generally found in the semi-arid to arid
regions of the Old World, mainly in Africa, and a significant feral
population occurs in Australia. Products of the dromedary, including its
meat and milk, support several north Arabian tribes; it is also
commonly used for riding and as a beast of burden.