One can say that Kazakhstan's fauna is unique. On the territory of the Republic there are 172 species of mammals, 490 species of birds, 150 species of fish, 51 species of reptiles and 12 species of amphibians. Each year scientists zoologists of the republic discover and describe new species of insects, worms, which were previously unknown to science. This variety of fauna in Kazakhstan is caused by the geographical position of the republic. In the forest-steppe zone of northern Kazakhstan one can see a moose, a hare, a water vole. The waterfowl birds such as swans geese, ducks, gulls, terns and coots are mostly nesting on the lakes. To the south on the territory from the Volga river to the foothills of the Altai mountains in feather grass and fescue steppes there are groundhog lazybones, steppe lemmings, narrow skulled voles, common voles, gophers (large, small, reddish), and birds-bus-tards, curlews, plovers, steppe pratincole, larks and steppe eagles. The steppe zone and its western and central parts are inhabited by elks, deer, the European minks, muskrats, martens, lynx, red voles, hares, squirrels and the beaver. Among the birds there are cranes and larks, blackcocks and great spotted woodpeckers. The semi-desert, with its rich vegetation, is the main habitat of several species of squirrels, several species of gerbils, and a rabbit. Antelopes-saigak live there too. In 40s and 50s of the last century there were large herds of gazelles (jeyrans). Among the birds there live bustards, sang rouses, larks, etc.
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