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Medicine in the Past
When people visited a doctor two hundred years ago in Europe, they had a very painful experience. For many illnesses, doctors used to "bleed" their patients. They use leeches, small animals which bite the skin and suck the blood. They did this because they thought that illness was caused by "bad" blood. Germs which caused different illnesses were discovered only in the nineteenth century.
As well as bleeding patients, doctors used to give many herbal medicines, which were often more successful. However, before the discovery of penicillin, you could die if even the smallest cut became infected. Also, before the nineteenth century, there were no anaesthetics. This meant that during major operations many people died from the pain shock.
Those who had a toothache went to a barber to have their tooth pulled out, as there were no dentists. Very few people had their own teeth by the time they were old, though false teeth were made for some rich people.
Glasses were first invented by Arab and Persian doctors and many towns had shops which sold them. However, people did not have their eyes tested and used to try on glasses until they found a suitable pair!