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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political name of the country which is made of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is often abbreviated to UK. The capital of the whole United Kingdom is London. You should know that the United Kingdom is also called Britain.
Britain is one of the world’s smaller countries with an area of some 244,000 square kilometers; with some 56 million people, it ranks about 14th in tern of population.
The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles lie off the western shores of Europe. They are separated from the Continent by the Strait of Dover, the English Channel (La Manche) and by the North Sea. A warm ocean current, the Gulf Stream, washes Britain’s western shores. In the north-west the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. The Irish Sea separates Great Britain from Ireland in the west.
The island of Great Britain can be roughly divided into two main regions – Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. The Pennine Chain extends southward from the Cheviot Hills into the Midland. England is separated from Scotland by the Cheviot Hills. Scotland has three natural topographic divisions: the Southern Uplands, the Central Lowlands, and the Northern Highlands which contain Ben Nevis, the highest point in the British Isles.
Wales is mountainous; Northern Ireland contains many plateaus and hills. Snowdon is the highest mountain in England and Wales.
The rivers flow east into the North Sea (the Tweed, the Tyne, the Thames) and west into the Irish Sea or the British Channel (the Mersey, the Avon and the longest river in England – the Severn). England has no large lakes. But the Lake District in the north-western part of the country is known for its beauty. There are sixteen lakes there. The climate is mild and temperature. This is due to the Gulf Stream which warms its shores. Rainfall is plentiful during the whole year. The heavy fogs of England are famous. January and February are usually the coldest months, July and August – the warmest. The most important natural resources of England are iron and coal. Copper, zinc, lead and building stone are the principal materials taken out of the ground.
Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. Being an island Great Britain had to develop its fleet as a major means of transportation and communication with the rest of the world. Today Britain is one of the great maritime nations if the world. The harbours of the island serve as convenient ports among which are London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Portsmouth and others.