IV (Выписываю предложения, перевод смотрите выше в тексте)
1. In Washington the story is told (Present Simple Passive) of a director of the Patent Office who in the early thirties of the 19 -th century suggested that the Office be closed because "everything that could possibly be invented (Past Simple Passive) had been invented (Past Perfect Passive)".
2. But there was a great need for a more efficient engine than the steam engine, for one without a huge boiler, an engine that could quickly be started and stopped.(Past Simple Passive)
3. This problem was solved (Past Simple Passive) by the invention of the internal combustion engine.
4. The first practical internal combustion engine was introduced (Past Simple Passive) in the form of a gas engine by the German engineer N. Otto in 1876.
5. Motor cycles were found (Past Simple Passive) well suited for competition races and sporting events and were also recognized (Past Simple Passive) as the cheapest form of fast transport.
6. Buses were started (Past Simple Passive) in Paris in 1820.
7. In 1828 they were introduced (Past Simple Passive) in London by George Shillibeer, a coach builder who used the French name Omnibus which was obtained (Past Simple Passive) from the Latin word meaning "for all".
8. His omnibuses were driven (Past Simple Passive) by three horses and had seats for 22 passengers.
9. Trams were introduced (Past Simple Passive) in the middle of the 19th century.
10. The idea was that, as the rails were smoother than the roads, less effort was needed (Past Simple Passive) to pull a tram than a bus.
11. The first trams were horse-drawn but the later trams were almost all driven (Past Simple Passive) by electricity.
12. Such wires are also used (Present Simple Passive) by trolleybuses, which run on rubber tyres and do not need rails.
13. London's first underground railway of the “tube” type was opened (Past Simple Passive) in 1863.
14. The first pipe-line was laid (Past Simple Passive) in Pennsylvania, the US, in 1865.
15. The famous Pipe-Line Under the Ocean (PLUTO) was laid (Past Simple Passive) across the English Channel in 1944.
16. They are used (Present Simple Passive) by many Alpine villages which lie high up the mountain-sides for bringing up their supplies from the valley below.
V
tell - told - told - рассказать
can - could - could - мочь, уметь
be- was/were - been - быть
begin - began - begun - начать
spread - spread - spread - распространять(ся)
make - made - made - делать, производить
lead - led - led - вести, приводить
become - became - become - становиться
find - found - found - находить
drive - drove - driven - вести, управлять
run - ran - run - бегать
lay - laid - laid - класть
lie - lay - lain - лежать
VI
the cheapest, cheap - cheaper - the cheapest
early - earlier - the earliest
heavy - heavier - the heaviest
different - more different - the most different
IX
1) In Washington the story is told of a director of the Patent Office who in the early thirties of the 19-th century suggested that the Office be closed because "everything that could (Past Simple) possibly be invented had been invented".
2) But there was a great need for a more efficient engine than the steam engine, for one without a huge boiler, an engine that could (Past Simple) quickly be started and stopped.