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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a medicine that destroys cancer cells. Chemotherapy works by
shutting down cell growth. But since all cells in the body grow, chemotherapy
medicines also destroy some normal cells and cause side effects. Not all drugs that
treat cancer are considered chemotherapy, for example, immunotherapy is
different. Chemotherapy doesn't work on all cancers. There are many different
chemotherapy medicines—the one you get will depend on the type of cancer you
have. Most chemotherapy drugs are given through your vein (IV), but some are
given as a pill. Doctors may give you several chemotherapy medicines at the same
time or may combine chemotherapy with another type of cancer treatment, such as
surgery or radiation therapy. Doctors may give you other medicine to lessen the
side effects of chemotherapy. Sometimes after you have gotten a chemotherapy
drug for a while, the cancer cells become resistant to it. The chemotherapy stops
killing them. If this happens, your doctor may try a different drug.
What are the common side effects of chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy has a reputation for unpleasant and sometimes dangerous side
effects. New chemotherapy drugs are often less bothersome than older ones. And
doctors now have better treatments for some side effects.
The most common side effects are: feeling sick to your stomach or throwing up,
feeling less hungry than usual, weight loss, feeling weak and tired, diarrhea
(frequent, loose, or watery poop), losing your hair, mouth or nose sores.
Chemotherapy often affects healthy blood-forming cells in the bone marrow. This
can lower your number of blood cells, which can cause: low blood count (anemia),
if your red blood cell count is lowered; serious infections, if your white cell count
is lowered; bleeding, if your platelet count is lowered.
Anemia can cause: weakness, feeling dizzy, trouble breathing or chest pain.
Infections from low white cell count can cause: fever, low platelet count can cause:
bruising easily, bleeding from your nose, gums, or rectum. Chemotherapy can also
affect other organs besides your bone marrow and cause other medical problems:
damage to your lungs, heart, or liver; infertility (trouble getting pregnant);
sometimes a higher chance of getting another cancer such as leukemia.