Задайте к тексту 5 разных
вопросов (Общий, специальный, вопрос к подлежащему, разделительный и
альтернативный)
With the invention of steam engine, the age of steam and a better, more efficient
means of transport began. While it allowed faster transportation, this did not
necessarily translate into a safer way of travelling. The US first railroads used
mostly trial and error to learn what worked and what did not. Such practice
unfortunately sometimes resulted in injuries or deaths. For instance, the early
railroad roadbed practices involved using simple large stones to support the track
structure, which would soon sink the track alignment causing derailments. Also,
the early rail designs of iron strap rails on wooden track (which were replaced on
top of the wooden track) worked loose, disintegrating the wooden floors of
passenger cars, sometimes killing the occupants inside.
When railroads first began the equipment they used, naturally, was quite primitive
with passenger cars mostly simple stagecoaches with wheel axles attached to
bottoms. Technologies quickly improved with two –axle trucks becoming standard
by the 1830s and passenger coaches with seating to either side and an aisle in the
centre. Specialized cars like diners, sleepers, club cars, parlor cars, and
observations made travelling by rail more comfortable, efficient, and faster.
By the turn of the century passenger equipment was becoming very specialized
with comfort and luxury. From 1900 through the 1920s “heavyweight” passenger
equipment (its name given due to materials, like steel and iron, used in its
construction) was built until the 1930s.
It was during the 1930s that lightweight materials, like aluminum, began to be used
in car construction. Not only did this make the car lighter which was easier on the
track structure and less difficult for the locomotive to pull, but also streamlining
became widely popular during this time and aluminum was light and flexible
enough to be used as shrouding to streamline both cars and locomotives.
Составьте 5 предложений разного типа (отрицательные ,
вопросительные, утвердительные в Past Indefinite и Present Perfect)
Efficient means of transportation – эффективные виды транспорта
Trial and error – метод проб и ошибок
Injury – повреждение
Roadbed – железнодорожный балласт
To sink – оседать
Track alignment –выправка пути
Derailment – сход с рельсов, крушение
Iron strap – стальная лента
Stagecoach – дилижанс
Wheel axle – колесная ось
To attach – прикреплять
Aisle – проход
Club car – пассажирский вагон с баром
Parlor car – салон-вагон
Luxury – роскошь
Flexible – гибкий
Shrouding – покрытие, прикрытие
To pave the way – прокладывать путь
Entire – целый, полный
To work loose – расшататься.