Ответ:
№ 1
chemistry - chemist
physics - physicist
psychology - psychologist
linguistics - linguistics
politics - politician
music - musician
botany - botanist
history - historian
№ 2
1) We need to repair it.
2) The theory of relativity was developed by Albert Einstein.
3) The invention of the telephone was the beggining of the new era of communication.
4) Where did they discover oil in the North Sea ?
5) Modern technologies help to study natural phenomena.
6) The new system involves new technology.