In human history the third Millennium has come. What will be for us the 21st century? Especially this concerns us because, in this century will live we, today's children. How much we are ready for the future?
So that we could build a happy future, we must know from childhood that all Nations and all people are equal and have equal rights to our Land.
The child should in no way be equated with an adult person, including legal aspects. The child must be provided with special rights, the protection that have a dimension of time and for a specific purpose. A child as every human being from birth, have human rights. But it must have additional, specific rights. This is due to its physical, mental, moral and spiritual immaturity. And for a child to become a Mature man in all respects, it needs to have a certain special, additional opportunities. Therefore the rights of the child are certain special features that are necessary for a person under 18 years of age for the existence and Mature. Special rights of the child is the “law of growth”, due to her physical, mental, spiritual immaturity. They - a specific slice in the General context of human rights.
There is a stereotype that a good child is obedient child. And obedient means comfortable. When a child or adolescent offend older, usually children in the measure of their ability to simply resist. This resistance has to do with the emotions - and in the end we are dealing with socio дезадаптованою behavior. Children who are not able to resist, or learn to juggle, or are simply overwhelmed. In all three cases, we have negative consequences - in one of the variants of the child is not learning in a civilized way of defending themselves, to develop their own points of view and defend it, that is, brought up dumb weight, which then easily manipulated.
Changes in society can only happen as a result of actual political steps. Society is changing from the inside rather durable changes will only be guaranteed the participation of young people is an active, decent, caring.
Now the problem of childhood is the main problem throughout the world, because children are our future.
Sometimes I had to meet with a contemptuous and haughty attitude of adults to children, so I often wondered if the baby has any personal rights? It turned out that care about this issue, and many of my friends and peers. So who, if not me, almost 16-year-old, not quite a child, but not yet an adult, close this topic! I understand that our state is young, only formed as legal, the majority of its citizens legally illiterate and not used in a civilized way and to defend their interests without violating the rights of others. But how long to wait for changes for the better? Does the current generation of young Ukrainians are not destined to live in a legal state, and only be eternal her Builder? What does hinder us? Cancel contradictions and legislation and finally start observing it in practice?
Of course, I have too little experience and special knowledge. So, I decided to study this problem in more detail to be able to civilized be able to solve their problems, and to defend the rights. I hope that my work will help the children of our region to improve their legal awareness and dignity, while adults have to reconsider their attitude to the child as a person.
Knowing their rights from childhood, a person can fruitfully and effectively participate in the development of the legal community of our state.
1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD
1.1. Historical development of the rights of the child
Before, people had no idea about the rights of children. The child was considered as a secondary material from which to form a full-fledged person. The views of the child are not listened to, because they considered them to be immature and irrational. Adults will have complete authority over the child, and children had nothing to do but take it for granted, because of public ignorance about rights and responsibilities of children, lack of the children has always been and remains an urgent problem of our society.
Over time the situation is gradually changing. In the beginning of the century the rights of the child were considered mainly as measures for protection from slavery, child labour, child trafficking, child prostitution, full power of parents, of economic exploitation. In this regard, the League of Nations (the prototype of the UN) in 1924 adopted the Geneva Declaration of the rights of the child.
After the second World War, the UN after creation in 1945) adopted in 1948 Universal Declaration of human rights, which noted that the children must be the object of special care and assistance.