2 . Human impact on the environment
Scale created by mankind material culture are immense . And the pace of its development are constantly increasing exponentially. Nowadays, the so-called tehnomassa (ie, all that man has created for the year ) is an order of magnitude greater than the biomass (weight of wild living organisms ) , respectively 1013 tons / year in 1012 and t/god1 . This is a disturbing signal about the need thoughtful consideration to the balance components of the system "nature - Biosphere - man."
Level of human impact on the environment is largely determined by the level of technical equipment of society. She was very low in the initial stages of human development. However, in the future, with the growth of its productive forces , the situation began to change dramatically dramatically. The twentieth century - a century of scientific and technical progress . Associated with a qualitatively new relationship between science , engineering and technology , it is enormously increased the magnitude of the impact of society on nature and mankind has set a number of new , very serious problems .
By analogy with the " living matter " underlying the biosphere , we can talk about tehnoveschestve as the aggregate of all existing technical devices and systems ( original technocenosis ) . Structure tehnoveschestva now seen from different perspectives . Thus, in one case the classification is made only of its structure similar to the structure and interaction of the components of living matter . And its membership include: firstly , technical devices , extracting the minerals and producing energy , like green plants in the biosphere ; Second, the technical unit for processing the received raw materials and production of means of production ; - third , the technique of producing means of consumption ; Fourth, technical systems for the transfer , use and storage media . In particular unit is isolated autonomous multifunctional ( robots, automatic interplanetary station, etc.) . Recently, there are also utility systems for waste recycling and disposal , their inclusion in a continuous cycle of non-waste technology . This kind of " technical nurses " acting similarly biological , natural subsystems. Thus, the structure tehnoveschestva ( as a set of separate technical units and entire subsystems technocenosis ) increasingly plays a similar organization of natural living systems.
Noting the importance of art in human life, we can not dwell on the ever growing problem of humanization need technosphere. Until recently, science and technology have focused mainly on maximum exploitation of natural resources, the needs of the individual and society at any cost. Consequences of ill-conceived , and not complex , as a consequence, the dehumanizing effects on nature depressing . Technical landscapes of waste production, signs of life in the destruction of entire regions , driven into reservations nature - the real fruits of the negative impact man armed with technology on the environment . All this is also a consequence of insufficient interaction of natural and social sciences in understanding the problem.