December 26, 1825
14 (26) December 1825 in St. Petersburg there was a rebellion organized by a group of noble-minded to turn Russia into a constitutional state and the abolition of serfdom.
On the morning of 14 (26) December snow Senate square began to gather the rebels forces. First came the soldiers of the life guards of the Moscow regiment, headed by A. Bestuzhev, later they were joined by sailors Guards and life guards grenadiers. They had to force the Senate to refuse the oath of Nicholas and offer to publish a Manifesto to the Russian nation, composed of members of a secret society.
However, the action plan, worked out the day before the first minute was broken: senators swore to the Emperor early in the morning and have already gone to the gathering place did not come all planned military units, selected by the dictator C. P. Trubetskoy never appeared on the Senate square.
Meanwhile, Nicholas I pulled troops to the area, delaying the transition to decisive action. Petersburg military Governor-General, hero of the Patriotic war of 1812, M. A. Miloradovich attempted to persuade the rebels to lay down arms, but was mortally wounded by a shot P., Kakhovka.
In the fifth hour of the day Nicholas I gave the order to open fire with artillery. There were also seven rounds buckshot - one over their heads and six in emphasis. The soldiers fled. M. P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin tried building running across the ice of the Neva soldiers in order of battle, to organize the capture of the fortress, but his plan failed.
By the evening of the same day the government is fully suppressed the uprising. In the rebellion were killed 1 271 thousand people, including 9 women and 19 children.
As a result in the case of the Decembrists investigation five of them - P. I. Pestel, K. F. Ryleev, S. I. Muravyev-Apostol, M. P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin and P. G. Kakhovka - were sentenced to death by hanging. Early on the morning of 13 (25) July 1826 on the shaft of the Kronverk the Peter and Paul fortress, the sentence was executed. Many participants in the uprising and members of secret societies, having to do with his training, was sent into exile and hard labor in Siberia.
In 1856 surviving the Decembrists were pardoned.