NaCl → Na → NaOH → Na₂CO₃ → NaHCO₃ → CO₂ → Na₂CO₃.
2NaCl = Na + Cl₂↑;
2Na⁺ + 2Cl⁻ = Na⁰ + Cl₂↑.
2Na + 2H₂O = 2NaOH + H₂↑;
2Na⁰ + 2H₂O = 2Na⁺ + 2OH⁻ + H₂↑.
2NaOH + 2H₂CO₃ = Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O;
2Na⁺ + 2OH⁻ + 2H₂CO₃ = 2Na⁺ + CO₃²⁻ + 2H₂O;
2OH⁻ + 2H₂CO₃ = CO₃²⁻ + 2H₂O.
Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O = 2NaHCO₃↓;
2Na⁺ + CO₃²⁻ + CO₂ + H₂O = 2NaHCO₃↓.
2NaHCO₃ = Na₂CO₃ + CO₂↑ + H₂O;
2NaHCO₃ = 2Na⁺ + CO₃²⁻ + CO₂↑ + H₂O.
CO₂ + 2NaOH = Na₂CO₃ + H₂O;
CO₂ + 2Na⁺ + 2OH⁻ = 2Na⁺ + CO₃²⁻ + H₂O;
CO₂ + 2OH⁻ = CO₃²⁻ + H₂O.