а) CuBr₂ + 2KOH = Cu(OH)₂↓ + 2KBr;
Cu⁺² + 2Br⁻ + 2K⁺ + 2OH⁻ = Cu(OH)₂↓ + 2K⁺ + 2Br⁻;
Cu⁺² + 2OH⁻ = Cu(OH)₂↓.
б) Na₂CO₃ + 2HNO₃ = 2NaNO₃ + CO₂↑ + H₂O;
2Na⁺ + CO₃²⁻ + 2H⁺ + 2NO₃⁻ = 2Na⁺ + 2NO₃⁻ + CO₂↑ + H₂O;
CO₃²⁻ + 2H⁺ = CO₂↑ + H₂O.
в) Al(OH)₃ + 3HCl = AlCl₃ + 3H₂O;
Al(OH)₃ + 3H⁺ + 3Cl⁻ = Al⁺³ + 3Cl⁻ + 3H₂O;
Al(OH)₃ + 3H⁺ = Al⁺³ + 3H₂O.