The largest city in the Eastern part of Ukraine, the administrative center of the Kharkiv region. The second in population size city of Ukraine; the scientific, industrial, transport and student center of the country [12]. Was the largest center of the tank -, тракторо -, turbine [13] and the third largest industrial, scientific and transport center [12] of the USSR after Moscow and Leningrad. In the second half of the XX century - the main transport hub of South-Eastern Europe [14].
Founded as a city in 1654, allegedly on the site of a Polovtsian city of XI century Sharukan. The Magdeburg right received in 1787. In February-may 1918, the capital of Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic, in March-April 1918 well as the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic, in March - June of 1919, and from December 1919 to June 1934, the capital of the Ukrainian SSR.