А) xy⁴-y⁴-xy²+y²=y²(xy²-y²-x+1)=y²((xy²-y²)-(x-1))=y²(y²(x-1)-(x-1))=
=y²(x-1)(y²-1)=y²(x-1)(y-1)(y+1)
б) x³y+xy+x³+x=x(x²y+y+x²+1)=x((x²y+x²)+(y+1))=x(x²(y+1)+(y+1))=
=x(x²+1)(y+1)
в) a²b-a²-ab+a³=a(ab-a-b+a²)=a((ab-b)+(a²-a))=a(b(a-1)+a(a-1))=
=a(a-1)(a+b)
г) x³+xy+x²y+x²=x(x²+y+xy+x)=x((x²+xy)+(x+y))=x(x(x+y)+(x+y))=
=x(x+y)(x+1)